Every day most horses are exposed to situations which can cause damage to their spine. The following examples could cause VSCs (subluxations):

	Trauma: Caused by falls, trips, slips or being cast in the stable.
	Performance : Every event strains the spine in a different, specific way.
	Narcotics: The entire general anaesthetic process can cause back problems.
	Rider: Problems with the rider’s seat (e.g. a crooked seat) can lead to back problems in the horse.
	Transportation: Long transportation timed, accidents, poor shock absorption in the trailer and unsympathetic driving can cause damage.
	Shoes: Poor hoof care and incorrect shoeing interfere with the horse’s movement resulting in subluxations of the spine. .
	Birthing difficulties: Difficult births where the foal is forcibly extracted can cause problems in both the mare and the foal.
	Saddle: Poorly fitting saddles are one of the most frequent causes of back problems.
	Lack of movement: Lack of space in which to move does not give the horse enough opportunity to ease tension by bucking or rolling.
	Age : As age increases the effects of previous small and/or large traumas to the spine become more apparent.

What are the symptoms ?